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sensible decision

  • 1 sensible decision

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > sensible decision

  • 2 sensible decision

    разумное решение;

    Англо-русский словарь по социологии > sensible decision

  • 3 sensible decision

    Англо-русский словарь по психоаналитике > sensible decision

  • 4 sensible decision

    разумное решение

    English-Russian dictionary of technical terms > sensible decision

  • 5 decision

    n
    решение, постановление, итог;

    decision, collective - коллективное решение;

    decision, group - групповое решение;

    decision, managerial - управленческое решение;

    decision, sensible - разумное решение;

    decision, wrong - ошибочное, неправильное решение.

    * * *
    сущ.
    решение, постановление, итог;

    Англо-русский словарь по социологии > decision

  • 6 decision

    n
    1) решение; постановление
    2) юр. решение; определение

    - administrative decision
    - adverse decision
    - alternative decision
    - arbitral decision
    - arbitrary decision
    - arbitration decision
    - arbitrator's decision
    - bidding decision
    - brand extension decision
    - business decision
    - committee decision
    - compulsory decision
    - court decision
    - draft decision
    - early decision
    - executive decision
    - expert's decision
    - favourable decision
    - final decision
    - judicial decision
    - justified decision
    - logical decision
    - make-or-buy decision
    - management decision
    - managerial decision
    - marketing decision
    - motivated decision
    - negative decision
    - operative decision
    - optimal decision
    - optimum decision
    - original decision
    - policy decision
    - positive decision
    - preliminary decision
    - production decision
    - prompt decision
    - purchase decision
    - reasonable decision
    - reorder decision
    - savings decision
    - sensible decision
    - sequential decision
    - speedy decision
    - spending decision
    - strategic decision
    - terminal decision
    - timely decision
    - trade-off decision
    - unanimous decision
    - unilateral decision
    - unmotivated decision
    - wrong decision
    - decision of arbitration
    - decision of the Arbitration Commission
    - decision of the Board of Appeals
    - decision of a commission of experts
    - decision of the court
    - decision of a question
    - decision on appeal
    - decision on an application
    - decision on the merits
    - decision under risk
    - affirm a decision
    - appeal against a decision
    - arrive at a decision
    - await a decision
    - carry out a decision
    - cancel a decision
    - come to a decision
    - confirm a decision
    - delay a decision
    - enforce a decision
    - execute a decision
    - give a decision
    - hand down a judicial decision
    - hold a decision
    - hold over a decision
    - implement a decision
    - kick against a decision
    - leave to smb's decision
    - make a decision
    - obey a decision
    - pass a decision
    - perform a decision
    - reach a decision
    - rescind a decision
    - submit for decision
    - submit to a decision
    - take a decision
    - wait for a decision

    English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > decision

  • 7 seniority pay

    sensible decision

    English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > seniority pay

  • 8 organe

    m
    1. узел (напр. машины); орган; деталь 2. механизм; устройство
    organe accessoire — вспомогательное приспособление; вспомогательный узел
    organe d'accouplement — соединительная деталь; муфта
    organe calculateur — вычислительный блок, счётный узел (программирующего устройства)
    organe de classification — классификатор, классификационный узел (программирующего устройства)
    organe de commande — орган управления; управляющее звено
    organe de comparaison — блок сравнения; устройство сравнения
    organe de conduite — орган управления; управляющее звено
    organe de contrôle — контрольное устройство; блок управления
    organe de déplacement — механизм перемещения; механизм подачи
    organe de distribution — механизм [устройство] распределения
    organe d'enregistrement — регистрирующий орган (напр. программированного устройства)
    organe d'entraînement — ведущее звено механизма; приводное устройство, приводной механизм
    organe d'équipement — блок оборудования; узел
    organe fonctionnel — узел, выполняющий определённую функцию (напр. тормозное устройство)
    organe de génération — задающий [генерирующий] орган (автоматической системы)
    organe d'immobilisation — стопорящий [блокирующий] узел; стопорящая деталь
    organe de liaison — 1. крепёжная деталь 2. соединительный узел
    organe de manœuvre — орган управления; управляющее звено
    organe mécanique — узел; деталь
    organe mécanique de lecture — механическое приспособление для считывания, считывающий механизм
    organe de mesure — измерительное устройство; измерительный прибор
    organe moteur — исполнительное устройство, исполнительный механизм
    organe à mouvement rectiligne — часть (машины), движущаяся прямолинейно
    organe d'obturation — запорное устройство; перекрывающее устройство
    organe porteur — опорная деталь, опорная часть
    organe de positionnement — деталь, обеспечивающая заданное (рас)положение
    organe de préhension — грузозахватное устройство, захват
    organe récepteur — 1. ведомое звено механизма 2. двигатель, преобразующий различные виды энергии в механическую
    organe de serrage — затягивающая деталь, зажимный орган
    organe de soutien — опорный узел; опорная деталь
    organe de stockage — блок памяти, накопительное устройство
    organe support d'outil — орган для установки [закрепления] инструмента
    organe support de pièce — орган для установки [закрепления] (обрабатываемой) детали
    organe transmetteur — см. organe de transmission
    organe de transmission — деталь, передающая движение; звено передачи; передаточный механизм
    organe de verrouillage — стопорное приспособление; приспособление для закрепления

    Français-Russe dictionnaire de génie mécanique > organe

  • 9 rational

    ˈræʃənl прил.
    1) разумный;
    рациональный, целесообразный rational creature, rational being ≈ разумное существо rational plan ≈ разумный план Syn: expedient, advisable, sensible
    2) мыслительный, относящийся к мышлению rational faculty ≈ мыслительная способность
    3) мат. рациональный rational fraction ≈ рациональная функция рационалист (the *) (философское) разумное (книжное) логическое обоснование;
    разумное объяснение - the * of the decision in the case основание, по которому было вынесено (определенное) решение по данному делу( книжное) основная причина;
    рациональная основа, подоплека( чего-л.) - the * of the law основа закона (политика) мотивировка, обоснование;
    соображения, лежащие в основе( чего-л.) разумный, мыслящий;
    наделенный разумом - * beings разумные /мыслящие/ существа;
    люди - man is a * creature человек наделен разумом нормальный - the patient is completely * пациент находится в здравом уме благоразумный;
    рассудительный;
    рациональный;
    целесообразный - * argument разумное соображение - * method рациональный метод - * conduct /behaviour/ благоразумное поведение - * explanation разумное объяснение - * mind здравый рассудок( философское) рационалистический - * theology рационалистическое богословие мыслительный, относящийся к мышлению;
    умственный - * faculty мыслительная способность - * powers умственные способности( разговорное) удобный, практичный - * boating costume удобный /практичный/ костюм для гребли - * footwear удобная обувь( специальное) рациональный - * function (математика) рациональная функция rational благоразумный ~ разумный, целесообразный, рациональный ~ разумный;
    целесообразный, рациональный ~ разумный ~ рациональный ~ мат. рациональный;
    rational fraction рациональная функция ~ мат. рациональный;
    rational fraction рациональная функция

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > rational

  • 10 near cash

    !
    гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.
    The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
    "
    consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
    " "
    the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
    " "
    strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
    "
    the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.
    The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
    "
    the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
    "
    the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.
    Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.
    Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)
    "
    Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
    "
    Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.
    More information about DEL and AME is set out below.
    In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.
    Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.
    Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.
    There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.
    AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.
    AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.
    AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.
    Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.
    Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.
    Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
    "
    Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
    "
    Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
    "
    Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
    "
    The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.
    The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.
    The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.
    Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.
    The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
    "
    provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
    " "
    enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
    " "
    introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
    "
    not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.
    To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.
    A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
    "
    an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
    " "
    an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
    " "
    to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
    "
    further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.
    The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.
    Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.
    The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.
    Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.
    To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.
    This document was updated on 19 December 2005.
    Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money
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    "
    GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
    "
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    GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money
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    GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.
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    Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash

  • 11 rational

    •• rational, rationale, rationalize, rationalization

    •• Rational 1. of reason or reasoning. 2. able to reason; having the faculty of reasoning. 3. sensible; that can be tested by reasoning.
    •• Rationale fundamental reason, logical basis (of something) (A.S. Hornby).
    •• Rationalize 1. to make logical and consistent. 2. to invent a rational explanation of. 3. to find false reasons for (irrational or unworthy behavior) (Oxford American Dictionary).
    •• Слово rationalize имеет значение упорядочить, упорядочение (rationalization of UN procedures). В этом случае все довольно просто. Сложнее, когда это слово употребляется в значении подыскивать (рациональное) объяснение, пытаться оправдать что-либо рационально аргументировать. Дело в том, что чаще всего оно употребляется в этом значении в сугубо отрицательном контексте, а переводчик не всегда это чувствует. Вот характерный пример: In the non-election season, editors have willingly given their pages over to hidden advertising of all sorts, using myriad rationalizations to justify betraying their readers (Robert Coalson). – В год без выборов редакторы охотно предоставляют свои страницы для различных видов скрытой рекламы, прибегая ко всяческим уловкам, чтобы оправдать такое предательство интересов читателей. См. также generalize, generalization.
    •• Слово rational часто соответствует русскому рациональный (rational discourse – рациональная/осмысленная речь), а вот в обратном направлении ситуация иная. Русское рациональный становится «ложным другом». Поэтому рациональная технология – efficient technology, рациональное решение – reasonable/appropriate solution (или decision, в зависимости от контекста).
    •• Наконец, rationale (произносится ) – слово, которое не надо путать с rational. Оно означает принцип, лежащий в основе чего-то, аргументация, объяснение. В отличие от rationalization, rationale обычно не имеет отрицательного оттенка. Для иллюстрации возможных контекстуальных переводов приведу несколько примеров:
    •• 1....the necessity to confront a choice between the geopolitical rationale and American capabilities (Henry Kissinger). – ...выбор между геополитическими целями и возможностями США;
    •• 2. There was no political rationale for Britain to become involved (Henry Kissinger). – Для Великобритании не имело политического смысла втягиваться в это дело;
    •• 3. Starr... defended [his methods]... But it was difficult to square that rationale with some of the questions [his] agents were asking (Time). – ...но эти утверждения (объяснения, аргументы) плохо увязываются с некоторыми вопросами, которые задавали его агенты;
    •• 4. Most Americans understand the challenge Mr. Tung faces... Few, however, will understand the rationale of restricting democracy (Washington Post). – ...немногие, однако, согласятся с тем, что необходимо ограничить демократию.

    English-Russian nonsystematic dictionary > rational

  • 12 rationale

    •• rational, rationale, rationalize, rationalization

    •• Rational 1. of reason or reasoning. 2. able to reason; having the faculty of reasoning. 3. sensible; that can be tested by reasoning.
    •• Rationale fundamental reason, logical basis (of something) (A.S. Hornby).
    •• Rationalize 1. to make logical and consistent. 2. to invent a rational explanation of. 3. to find false reasons for (irrational or unworthy behavior) (Oxford American Dictionary).
    •• Слово rationalize имеет значение упорядочить, упорядочение (rationalization of UN procedures). В этом случае все довольно просто. Сложнее, когда это слово употребляется в значении подыскивать (рациональное) объяснение, пытаться оправдать что-либо рационально аргументировать. Дело в том, что чаще всего оно употребляется в этом значении в сугубо отрицательном контексте, а переводчик не всегда это чувствует. Вот характерный пример: In the non-election season, editors have willingly given their pages over to hidden advertising of all sorts, using myriad rationalizations to justify betraying their readers (Robert Coalson). – В год без выборов редакторы охотно предоставляют свои страницы для различных видов скрытой рекламы, прибегая ко всяческим уловкам, чтобы оправдать такое предательство интересов читателей. См. также generalize, generalization.
    •• Слово rational часто соответствует русскому рациональный (rational discourse – рациональная/осмысленная речь), а вот в обратном направлении ситуация иная. Русское рациональный становится «ложным другом». Поэтому рациональная технология – efficient technology, рациональное решение – reasonable/appropriate solution (или decision, в зависимости от контекста).
    •• Наконец, rationale (произносится ) – слово, которое не надо путать с rational. Оно означает принцип, лежащий в основе чего-то, аргументация, объяснение. В отличие от rationalization, rationale обычно не имеет отрицательного оттенка. Для иллюстрации возможных контекстуальных переводов приведу несколько примеров:
    •• 1....the necessity to confront a choice between the geopolitical rationale and American capabilities (Henry Kissinger). – ...выбор между геополитическими целями и возможностями США;
    •• 2. There was no political rationale for Britain to become involved (Henry Kissinger). – Для Великобритании не имело политического смысла втягиваться в это дело;
    •• 3. Starr... defended [his methods]... But it was difficult to square that rationale with some of the questions [his] agents were asking (Time). – ...но эти утверждения (объяснения, аргументы) плохо увязываются с некоторыми вопросами, которые задавали его агенты;
    •• 4. Most Americans understand the challenge Mr. Tung faces... Few, however, will understand the rationale of restricting democracy (Washington Post). – ...немногие, однако, согласятся с тем, что необходимо ограничить демократию.

    English-Russian nonsystematic dictionary > rationale

  • 13 rationalization

    •• rational, rationale, rationalize, rationalization

    •• Rational 1. of reason or reasoning. 2. able to reason; having the faculty of reasoning. 3. sensible; that can be tested by reasoning.
    •• Rationale fundamental reason, logical basis (of something) (A.S. Hornby).
    •• Rationalize 1. to make logical and consistent. 2. to invent a rational explanation of. 3. to find false reasons for (irrational or unworthy behavior) (Oxford American Dictionary).
    •• Слово rationalize имеет значение упорядочить, упорядочение (rationalization of UN procedures). В этом случае все довольно просто. Сложнее, когда это слово употребляется в значении подыскивать (рациональное) объяснение, пытаться оправдать что-либо рационально аргументировать. Дело в том, что чаще всего оно употребляется в этом значении в сугубо отрицательном контексте, а переводчик не всегда это чувствует. Вот характерный пример: In the non-election season, editors have willingly given their pages over to hidden advertising of all sorts, using myriad rationalizations to justify betraying their readers (Robert Coalson). – В год без выборов редакторы охотно предоставляют свои страницы для различных видов скрытой рекламы, прибегая ко всяческим уловкам, чтобы оправдать такое предательство интересов читателей. См. также generalize, generalization.
    •• Слово rational часто соответствует русскому рациональный (rational discourse – рациональная/осмысленная речь), а вот в обратном направлении ситуация иная. Русское рациональный становится «ложным другом». Поэтому рациональная технология – efficient technology, рациональное решение – reasonable/appropriate solution (или decision, в зависимости от контекста).
    •• Наконец, rationale (произносится ) – слово, которое не надо путать с rational. Оно означает принцип, лежащий в основе чего-то, аргументация, объяснение. В отличие от rationalization, rationale обычно не имеет отрицательного оттенка. Для иллюстрации возможных контекстуальных переводов приведу несколько примеров:
    •• 1....the necessity to confront a choice between the geopolitical rationale and American capabilities (Henry Kissinger). – ...выбор между геополитическими целями и возможностями США;
    •• 2. There was no political rationale for Britain to become involved (Henry Kissinger). – Для Великобритании не имело политического смысла втягиваться в это дело;
    •• 3. Starr... defended [his methods]... But it was difficult to square that rationale with some of the questions [his] agents were asking (Time). – ...но эти утверждения (объяснения, аргументы) плохо увязываются с некоторыми вопросами, которые задавали его агенты;
    •• 4. Most Americans understand the challenge Mr. Tung faces... Few, however, will understand the rationale of restricting democracy (Washington Post). – ...немногие, однако, согласятся с тем, что необходимо ограничить демократию.

    English-Russian nonsystematic dictionary > rationalization

  • 14 rationalize

    •• rational, rationale, rationalize, rationalization

    •• Rational 1. of reason or reasoning. 2. able to reason; having the faculty of reasoning. 3. sensible; that can be tested by reasoning.
    •• Rationale fundamental reason, logical basis (of something) (A.S. Hornby).
    •• Rationalize 1. to make logical and consistent. 2. to invent a rational explanation of. 3. to find false reasons for (irrational or unworthy behavior) (Oxford American Dictionary).
    •• Слово rationalize имеет значение упорядочить, упорядочение (rationalization of UN procedures). В этом случае все довольно просто. Сложнее, когда это слово употребляется в значении подыскивать (рациональное) объяснение, пытаться оправдать что-либо рационально аргументировать. Дело в том, что чаще всего оно употребляется в этом значении в сугубо отрицательном контексте, а переводчик не всегда это чувствует. Вот характерный пример: In the non-election season, editors have willingly given their pages over to hidden advertising of all sorts, using myriad rationalizations to justify betraying their readers (Robert Coalson). – В год без выборов редакторы охотно предоставляют свои страницы для различных видов скрытой рекламы, прибегая ко всяческим уловкам, чтобы оправдать такое предательство интересов читателей. См. также generalize, generalization.
    •• Слово rational часто соответствует русскому рациональный (rational discourse – рациональная/осмысленная речь), а вот в обратном направлении ситуация иная. Русское рациональный становится «ложным другом». Поэтому рациональная технология – efficient technology, рациональное решение – reasonable/appropriate solution (или decision, в зависимости от контекста).
    •• Наконец, rationale (произносится ) – слово, которое не надо путать с rational. Оно означает принцип, лежащий в основе чего-то, аргументация, объяснение. В отличие от rationalization, rationale обычно не имеет отрицательного оттенка. Для иллюстрации возможных контекстуальных переводов приведу несколько примеров:
    •• 1....the necessity to confront a choice between the geopolitical rationale and American capabilities (Henry Kissinger). – ...выбор между геополитическими целями и возможностями США;
    •• 2. There was no political rationale for Britain to become involved (Henry Kissinger). – Для Великобритании не имело политического смысла втягиваться в это дело;
    •• 3. Starr... defended [his methods]... But it was difficult to square that rationale with some of the questions [his] agents were asking (Time). – ...но эти утверждения (объяснения, аргументы) плохо увязываются с некоторыми вопросами, которые задавали его агенты;
    •• 4. Most Americans understand the challenge Mr. Tung faces... Few, however, will understand the rationale of restricting democracy (Washington Post). – ...немногие, однако, согласятся с тем, что необходимо ограничить демократию.

    English-Russian nonsystematic dictionary > rationalize

  • 15 advice

    [əd'vaɪs]
    сущ.
    1) только ед. совет, рекомендация

    sensible / sound advice — разумный совет

    misleading advice — совет, вводящий в заблуждение

    unsolicited advice — "бесплатный" совет (данный по инициативе советующего, когда о совете не просили)

    a bit, piece, word of advice — совет (по конкретному, незначительному поводу)

    on smb.'s advice — по чьему-л. совету

    to give / offer smb. advice to do smth. — давать кому-л. совет, советовать кому-л. что-л. сделать

    to disregard / refuse / turn a deaf ear to advice — не послушаться совета, пропустить мимо ушей

    We took his advice to remain silent. — Мы последовали его совету хранить молчание.

    My advice is that you see / should see a doctor. — Советую вам сходить к врачу.

    He asked (me) for my advice on the choice of a new car / on what he should do. — Он попросил меня дать ему совет относительно выбора нового автомобиля / относительно того, как ему лучше поступить.

    There's lots of advice in the book on baby care. — В книге множество советов по уходу за детьми.

    Advice is seldom welcome; and those who want it the most always like it the least. ( Lord Chesterfield) — Мало кому нравятся советы, и меньше всех их любят те, кто больше всего в них нуждается.

    One gives nothing so freely as advice. (F. La Rochefoucauld) — Мы ничего не раздаём с такой щедростью, как советы.

    Syn:
    Gram:
    [ref dict="LingvoGrammar (En-Ru)"]advice[/ref]
    2) только ед. профессиональный совет, консультация ( специалиста)

    to follow / take / act on / act upon the doctor's advice about / on smth. — следовать совету врача относительно чего-л.

    professional advice — профессиональная консультация, мнение эксперта

    On my doctor's advice and also by my own decision, I will not sing opera next season. — По совету моего доктора, а также в соответствии с моим собственным решением, я не буду петь в опере в следующем сезоне.

    3) обычно мн.
    а) юр. извещение, уведомление

    We received advice of delivery next Tuesday. — Мы получили извещение о том, что товар будет доставлен в следующий вторник.

    б) фин.; = letter of advice авизо (официальное извещение, отметка о выполнении какой-л. расчётной операции в банковской или бухгалтерской практике)
    Syn:
    4) уст.; обычно мн. официальное сообщение

    But all this would be nothing if we had not received advices from England which prove that Mr. Grey's visit here has an element of mystery in it. (A. K. Green, The Woman in the Alcove) — Но всё это не имело бы никакого значения, не получи мы известия из Англии, подтверждающие, что в визите сюда мистера Грея кроется какая-то тайна.

    Syn:

    Англо-русский современный словарь > advice

  • 16 consequential

    1. a логически вытекающий

    consequential amendment — поправка, вызываемая другой поправкой

    2. a важный

    consequential decision — решение, имеющее важное значение

    3. a важничающий, полный самомнения
    Синонимический ряд:
    large (adj.) ample; big; considerable; essential; eventful; historic; important; influential; large; material; meaningful; momentous; noteworthy; powerful; sensible; significant; substantial; weighty

    English-Russian base dictionary > consequential

См. также в других словарях:

  • sensible — adjective isn t this the sensible thing to do? a sensible young man Syn: practical, realistic, responsible, reasonable, commonsensical, rational, logical, sound, balanced, grounded, sober, no nonsense, pragmatic, levelheaded, thoughtful, dow …   Thesaurus of popular words

  • Decision fatigue — Candy and snacks are placed close to market cash registers to take advantage of shoppers decision fatigue.[1] In decision making and psychology, decision fatigue refers to the deteriorating quality of decisions made by an individual, after a long …   Wikipedia

  • sensible — adj. VERBS ▪ appear, be, seem, sound ▪ This approach seems very sensible to me. ▪ become ADVERB ▪ …   Collocations dictionary

  • decision — noun ADJECTIVE ▪ big, crucial, fateful, important, key, landmark (law), major, momentous ▪ It was a big decision to make …   Collocations dictionary

  • Lenguaje sensible al contexto — En las ciencias de la computación, un lenguaje sensible al contexto es un [[lenguaje formal] que puede ser definido por gramáticas sensibles al contexto. Es uno de los cuatro tipos de gramáticas en la jerarquía de Chomsky, siendo esta gramática… …   Wikipedia Español

  • reason — rea|son1 W1S1 [ˈri:zən] n ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1¦(cause)¦ 2¦(good or fair)¦ 3 all the more reason why/to do something 4¦(good judgment)¦ 5 within reason 6 go/be beyond (all) reason 7¦(ability to think)¦ 8 no reason ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ [Date: 1200 1300; : Old French …   Dictionary of contemporary English

  • rational — I (New American Roget s College Thesaurus) adj. sound, sane, logical, sensible, reasonable. See reasoning, intellect, sanity.Ant., irrational, insane. II (Roget s IV) modif. 1. [Acting in accordance with reason] Syn. reasonable, logical, sensible …   English dictionary for students

  • Campaign of the North China Plain Pocket — Infobox Military Conflict conflict=Campaign of the North China Plain Pocket partof=Chinese Civil War place=Southern North China Plain, China date=June 22, 1946 August 31, 1946 result=Communist victory combatant1= combatant2= commander1= Cheng… …   Wikipedia

  • reason — 1 / ri:zFn/ noun 1 CAUSE (C) the cause or explanation for something that has happened or that someone has done: The reason I bought one was that it was so cheap. | reason (that): The only reason I went was that I wanted to meet your friends. |… …   Longman dictionary of contemporary English

  • rational — [rash′ən əl] adj. [ME racional < L rationalis < ratio: see REASON] 1. of, based on, or derived from reasoning [rational powers] 2. able to reason; reasoning; in possession of one s reason or sanity 3. showing reason; not foolish or silly;… …   English World dictionary

  • Timeline of Slovenian history — This is a timeline of key events in the history of Slovenia, both of the Slovenes and the other ethnicities who once lived or do live on Slovene ethnic territory or in the geographical bounds of Slovenia. 1200s BC 500s BC 300s BC 200s BC 100s BC… …   Wikipedia

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